南澳风电场雷灾特点及原因分析

对南澳风电场1996～2010年的雷灾实例进行了统计分析,找出影响雷电防护水平不一的主客观因素;得出雷灾特点:雷灾事故集中发生在每年的4～9月,按照受损坏的位置划分,风电场的各个部分都可能因雷击遭受损坏,其中监控系统是受损几率最高的部分,其次是叶片和箱式变压器.     

现代别墅群的综合防雷措施浅析

通过对别墅群建筑的特点以及防雷实践工作中遇到的设计施工问题进行分析,就其在分类、接闪、接地、跨步电压、闪电电涌侵入方面提出了相应的防雷措施。     

PWD22型能见度计的使用与维护

介绍能见度的自动观测技术,并通过介绍PWD22型能见度计,阐述能见度计的原理、种类和安装使用方法以及注意事项。     

The rms–flux relations in different branches in Cyg X-2

In this paper, the rms-flux (root mean square-flux) relation along the Z-track of the bright Z-Source Cyg X-2 is analyzed using the observational data of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Three types of rms-flux relations, i.e. positive, negative, and ‘arch’-like correlations are found in different branches. The rms is positively correlated with flux in normal branch (NB), but anti-correlated in the vertical horizontal branch (VHB). The rms–flux relation shows an ‘arch’-like shape in the horizontal branch (HB). We also try to explain this phenomenon using existing models.     

山东小清河流域湖泊的环境变迁

小清河流域为西起济南,东至渤海湾,南缘泰鲁沂山地北麓,北界黄河之间的区域。在史前及历史时期,小清河流域湖泊广布,在地层沉积记录和古文献记载中均得以证明。这些湖泊形成于早全新世,在中全新世达到鼎盛,晚全新世以来湖泊逐渐衰退与消亡,如原来存在的鹊山湖、浒山湖、清水泊等湖泊,这在古文献中也多有记载,现已在平原上消失。本文着重对麻大湖、锦秋湖、白云湖等的历史演变进行了探讨。通过查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证等多种途径和方法对小清河流域的湖泊消失的原因进行了研究和分析。认为在气候变干的大背景下,湖泊消失的原因主要有两个：一是黄河泛滥所造成的小清河流域的泥沙淤积;二是疏浚河道、围湖造田、过渡利用水资源等人类活动的影响。研究本区湖泊的形成与消亡,对恢复古环境、探讨其演变过程有着重要的意义。     

Jurassic granitoid dike in Luodian,Guizhou Province: discovery and geological significance

Acta Geochimica - In this paper, the Jurassic granitoid dike that intrudes into Permian diabase was reported in Luokun, Luodian County, south Guizhou. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of the...     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi Carlin-type gold district (Southwest Guizhou,China) and their geological implications

The newly discovered Baogudi gold district is located in the southwestern Guizhou Province, China, where there are numerous Carlin-type gold deposits. To better understand the geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baogudi gold district, we carried out petrographic observations, elemental analyses, and fluid inclusion and isotopic composition studies. We also compared the results with those of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou. Three mineralization stages, namely, the sedimentation diagenesis, hydrothermal (main-ore and late-ore substages), and supergene stages, were identified based on field and petrographic observations. The main-ore and late-ore stages correspond to Au and Sb mineralization, respectively, which are similar to typical Carlin-type mineralization. The mass transfer associated with alteration and mineralization shows that a significant amount of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Mo, and S were added to mineralized rocks during the main-ore stage. Remarkably, arsenic, Sb, and S were added to the mineralized rocks during the late-ore stage. Element migration indicates that the sulfidation process was responsible for ore formation. Four types of fluid inclusions were identified in ore-related quartz and fluorite. The main-ore stage fluids are characterized by an H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄ ± N₂ system, with medium to low temperatures (180–260 °C) and low salinity (0–9.08% NaCl equivalent). The late-ore stage fluids featured H₂O–NaCl ± CO₂ ± CH₄, with low temperature (120–200 °C) and low salinity (0–7.48% NaCl equivalent). The temperature, salinity, and CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations of ore-forming fluids decreased from the main-ore stage to the late-ore stage. The calculated δ¹³C, δD, and δ¹⁸O values of the ore-forming fluids range from − 14.3 to − 7.0‰, −76 to −55.7‰, and 4.5–15.0‰, respectively. Late-ore-stage stibnite had δ³⁴S values ranging from − 0.6 to 1.9‰. These stable isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids originated mainly from deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, with minor contributions from strata. Collectively, the Baogudi metallogenic district has geological and geochemical characteristics that are typical of Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou. It is likely that the Baogudi gold district, together with other Carlin-type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou, was formed in response to a single widespread metallogenic event.

     

Mechanisms for the link between onset and duration of open water in the Kara Sea

The sea ice conditions in the Kara Sea have important impacts on Arctic shipping, oil and gas production, and marine environmental changes. In this study, sea ice coverage (CR) less than 30％ is considered as open water, its onset and end dates are defined as Topen and Tclose, respectively. The sea ice melt onset (Tmelt) is defined as the date when ice-sea freshwater flux initially changes from ice into the ocean. Satellite-based sea ice concentration (SIC) from 1989 to 2019 shows a negative correlation between Topen and Tclose (r = –0.77, p < 0.01) in the Kara Sea. This phenomenon is also obtained through analyzing the hindcast simulation from 1994 to 2015 by a coupled ocean and sea-ice model (NAPA1/4). The model results reveal that thermodynamics dominate the sea ice variations, and ice basal melt is greater than the ice surface melt. Heat budget estimation suggests that the heat flux is significant correlated with Topen (r = –0.95, p < 0.01) during the melt period (the duration of multi-year averaged Tmelt to Topen) influenced by the sea ice conditions. Additionally, this heat flux is also suggested to dominate the interannual variation of the heat input during the whole heat absorption process (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). The more heat input during this process leads to later Tclose (r = 0.77, p < 0.01). This is the physical basis of the negative correlation between Topen and Tclose. Therefore, the duration of open water can be predicted by Topen and thence support earlier planning of marine activities.     

风云气象卫星与潜在国际移动通信系统用户终端在1695~1710 MHz频段兼容性分析

目前我国风云气象卫星广泛使用的1695~1710 MHz频段被2015年世界无线电大会考虑作为国际移动通信(IMT)系统新增划分的候选频段。为了保护气象卫星的频谱资源并了解气象卫星和IMT系统用户端的同频共用干扰情况,本文阐述了风云气象卫星地球站和IMT系统用户终端在1695~1710 MHz频段的特性参数,建立了IMT用户终端的干扰模型,分别仿真分析了潜在的IMT用户端对太阳同步轨道和静止轨道风云气象卫星地面接收链路的干扰,结果表明:工作在1695~1710 MHz频段的IMT用户端对静止和极轨卫星地球站的保护隔离距离至少分别是46km和61km。由于我国布设了大量该频段的气象卫星数据国家级站和省级用户接收站,且移动终端随机移动的特点,这两种业务实际运行中无法兼容共用1695~1710 MHz频段。     

风云气象卫星与潜在国际移动通信系统基站共用1695~1710 MHz频段频谱兼容性分析

1695~1710 MHz频段是我国静止轨道和太阳同步轨道风云气象卫星广泛使用的空对地方向数据传输频段。2015年世界无线电大会(WRC-15)把这一频段作为国际移动通信系统(IMT)在全球范围内寻求新频谱划分的候选频段。为了保护气象卫星的频谱资源不受到潜在的IMT系统干扰,并探知风云气象卫星和IMT系统基站的同频共用情况,本文结合IMT基站和风云气象卫星数据接收站的链路参数,建立干扰模型,分别仿真分析了IMT基站对FY-3号气象卫星和FY-4号气象卫星数据接收的干扰情况。在我国城市和郊区布设了大量的国际级和省级气象卫星用户接收站的情况下,研究结果表明IMT基站和风云气象卫星接收站间距离很难满足隔离距离的要求,因此不建议IMT基站和气象卫星共用1695~1710 MHz频段。